<<There isn't a one-size-fits-all answer but we do need to be more aware>>
That is true. When I was at school (a VERY long time ago) we were given one of the most valuable lessons I have had. This was about the power of advertising and how people were manipulated. Not only are there whole companies whose staff are dedicated to convincing the masses to do something they wouldn't otherwise do, but others spend their entire working lives, presumably with grant aid, to carry out high level research into sales propaganda.
Since that lesson, so most of my life, I have kept a very cynical attitude towards advertising and product placement.
There is also a more subtle influence on people's buying habits which comes from social pressure, what you are 'expected' to do. Many of us on TAS are immune to those influences, as is proven by our choice of smallholding as a way of life. Many of us live on very tight budgets too, but we also tend to be of the mindset that says 'grow your own'.
Most city dwellers tend to conform and anyway don't always have somewhere to grow food. Even those with gardens are 'expected', or so they feel, to grow flowers in their gardens, although that attitude seems to be changing.
I think one bit of evidence of the power of advertising is that some people who are living on the edge and have very little money don't spend it wisely. They buy white sliced bread, crisps, ready cut chips and chicken. (OK they buy more than that - cigarettes

)) So perhaps this is partly to do with basic education. Lots of you have mentioned that you are careful housewives when it comes to cooking, but many folk these days genuinely don't know how to prepare a meal from scratch, or to make the most of gluts to prepare for leaner times. Even the meteoric rise in the number of chef-y type programmes doesn't always show people how to prepare good nutritious food at home - some do though and this must be a good thing. I don't watch the soaps so I don't really know their contents but if I visit people who have the TV on with one of these showing, there just seems to be a lot of shouting, aggro, stabbings, teenage tantrums and illicit sex. If these icons of public adoration were seen preparing a good nutritious meal from produce they'd grown in the allotment, or assiduously sorting their rubbish into their coloured bins for recycling, that would send a different message and help to educate people.
I think the problem of food wastage has very different causes in different parts of the globe. We too had a food safe to store anything perishable, in the coolest part of the old stone-built dairy, and my mum would stand the bottles of milk in cold water with a cloth over the top, so the evaporation from the constantly wet cloth kept the milk cool, but it didn't last as long as today. However, in very hot countries, if you don't have a fridge then you have to be very canny about preserving food. I have seen food stored in the moist ground, shaded from the sun, but you have to have the ground, and you have to have the knowledge of how to do it.
There seems also to be a trend away from cooking at home to eating out, either in restaurants or takeaways. I think there is maybe an even greater wastage from restaurants than from private homes. It always seems strange to me that those at the upper end of the income bracket have enormous, expensive stainless steel kitchens, but nothing in the fridge, because they don't ever eat at home. This seems to be an American trend which is spreading here, if TV and literature is anything to go by (which it probably isn't)
I'll have a look back through the reading stuff for my Global Food Security course for a pie chart which shows the proportion of food wasted at each stage and I seem to recall (there's a lot of info for my poor brain to retain) that by far the biggest wastage comes from 'domestic' sources, which I think includes supermarkets. No time at the moment but I'll look later.
Thank you all so much for taking part in this discussion - I'm really enjoying everything you all have to say
