Last winter I had only 8 hens and 1 coop, they lived in the run and when the snow came heavily they were sheltering as best they could along the solid parts of the run, by the house wall, under pieces of wood I leant against things to provide extra shelter, or back in the coop.
Since getting extra hens (over 20 in total at present) the run isn't big enough for full time use so I expanded them to free ranging in the garden, coming back to the run for corn in the evenings so I could count them and shut the gate - that left them free to go to roost later but I knew where they were. A couple have learned to escape, one brown hen uses logs to get into an overhanging tree and pops over, one bantam as stated jumps/flies up to a thin 2" post over 6' high and roosts there in good weather, jumps out at dawn and is away long before I get out to let the others out. I used to have balewrap netting as a camouflage net/deterrent against escaping but once these two were regularly leaving, and one other started finding ways to get caught in, or swinging on top of, the netting, I removed it. It also got hung down with heavy snow and was dragging the fenceposts, so was a mixed blessing tho now it's gone there are way more wild birds using the water and stealing food and I'm guessing that is how the red mites arrive in the first place..
When the big coop got the infestation, egg numbers dropped, I lost a couple of old birds age related but presumably just one more thing to cope with they didn't need on the way, and I shut that coop til I could find the creosote and the nerve to do the painting. Design of it means I am freaked at the thought as even to clean you have to stick your head right in and I can't just go buy new things the way some might do, I don't have a day job remember, and I'm looking at getting a series of blood tests on one pony shortly, a farrier visit, the hay/straw bills for winter to save for as I've not sold stock recently, car related bills etc as more priority IF I can sort the hen accommodation in another way than buying something. Clearly it becomes a priority if I can't, but that's why I'm asking about places that do keep hens completely free range, and I know some folk do, I just don't know if/how they do so successfully without losing the lot to foxes yet. I don't have foxes around that I know of, the hunt does come by a few times a year so I imagine there is a population and I have a gap from the village so could be found by a fox one day. Next door have a yappy dog that might put it off, but in a bad winter, probably not enough. I just don't know but I don't want to be complacent.
At present the hens have complete free range because after closing the biggest coop, the one they mostly all chose to use together, the other 2 must be pushed for space and with at least 2 choosing to look elsewhere anyway (before the closure) I thought they might want to too. I also assumed the mite would spread to the other 2 coops because of proximity, and I have alternative hutch type coops they could use further away. The fox risk is there day and night alike, I'm around a lot of the time, the cats all the time day and night now too, tho I may try and keep them shut in the house at night come winter because overnight the road gets quiet and I've lost more than one at that time in the past.
I have one litre of creosote and am trying to work out whether to tackle the biggest but hardest designwise, or work preventatively or with milder infestation in the other 2 first, which would mean shutting them down for a while because of fumes, or so I assumed. Again if there is no coop, they need to be elsewhere at least for a time, hence the question as part of a factfinding exercise to make decisions on.
I SHOULD probably tackle the big coop with the litre I have while it's closed anyway and the hens have 2 alternatives they're currently using. It scares the &**$% out of me to even think of putting my head in there. I'd rather burn it, paint the 2 smaller ones and save up for a shed, leaving hens homeless and FR to find roosts meantime but before the winter hits. And I think FR daytime in winter gives them a lot more places to shelter, as they do in rain at the mo, so I was thinking perhaps it would be better all round if they just lived rough and perhaps shorter but less chewed lives - which is similar to how I let the cats go out after 6 months of trying to make kittens happy being house cats, and they weren't.
Hope that explains my questions. I'm not looking for approval of my choices, but options to choose from depending on experiences out there that I don't have, and seeing several farms where hens seem to be roosting in open barns, trees etc year on year but I don't know if they're the same hens or whether the care is carelessly accepting of faster turnover, or just a way of life on old farms that has changed with or without reason.. I'm only 2 years into hens, ask me about native ponies and I would know way more