It's a bit like "how long is a piece of string?"
Are you housing adult breeding stock, young fattening animals, stores, or a mixture? What are you planning to feed them on?
I used to house my breeding suckler herd of herefords, which constituted a mixture of adults both pregnant and suckling, and some yearlings. I used to feed them ad lib hay and some concentrates and/or roots as available; with lots of straw for bedding. I can't tell you how much they ate or how much straw we used as it was replenished as and well, but you can look up feeding rations for yourself and work out the rough costs. But we used to bale our own hay and straw which saved a lot. The labour involved with indoor cattle can be considerable , particularly with bedding down, if you don't have a good system. The buildings also need mucking out after.
Since then, I bought some sand land where I overwinter the cattle and life is a lot easier. We no longer make hay, so the cattle always have plenty of grass over summer. In fact we top it as soon as it starts to get stemmy, instead of shutting it up for hay, and the cattle keep condition a lot better on cheap grass so we no longer feed them concentrates over winter.
Now they are just fed ad lib hay and Rumevite feed blocks in winter. Because the land is free draining we don't have to bed them daily, although we tend to put several bales of straw down which gives them shelter and something nice to lie on. This rots down later so no mucking out.
If you are considering housing cattle I would make sure that your system involves the minimum of labour. You will find this is more important than cost as you have to feed them anyway over winter. Ideally you at least need one side of feed barriers so you can feed without going in the pen. Also consider your watering system. If you haven't got automatic drinkers you will be for ever cleaning the troughs out. A big trough holds a lot of water but takes some emptying out again when they've crapped in it moments after you've filled it.