You don't necessarily need to do an internal exam to find out if he does still have his testes. If they're in the inguinal canal they'll be palpable, probably even visible, from the outside.
If he'll roll on his back for a tummy rub (yes, I know this is Luca, but maybe he's getting easier...), as he flops his legs apart, you'd see the testes in the belly cavity just above the inside thigh.
Sometimes they're held more deeply inside the abdomen, in which case I think the vet would do a scan to locate them.
If he
does still have testes, but internal, he'll likely be infertile as the testes will be too warm. But in a cold snap in winter...

. And the other thing is that internal testes are way more likely to turn cancerous, so vets generally like to get 'em whipped out.