That's a tricky one. The alternative would be for companies to sell bandages / chairs / beds to private individuals and other companies and charge VAT, but then
not charge VAT if the customer was the NHS, which is even more complicated IMHO.
The wasteful thing is just how many times VAT is charged and reclaimed on all sorts of goods. Think about it - wood company makes planks, sells them to wood yard, charges VAT. Wood yard sells to joiner, charges VAT, reclaims original VAT. Joiner buys planks, turns them into furniture, sells them to shop, charges VAT and reclaims the VAT he originally paid on the planks. Shop buys furniture, then sells it to customer, charges VAT, reclaims input yet again. Customer buys furniture, Pays VAT on final invoice.
So the only person who actually net PAYS anything is the final customer. However even in that simple supply chain, five individual layers of VAT were involved.
What a horribly inefficient way to collect tax! You don't suppose the whole thing is just a way for the government to clamp down on black markets and cash transactions do you?