Our old cottage in Herts was made of soft bricks with lots of shell etc in them and sandy mortar, the masonry bees loved it and the walls were full of their burrows. They are solitary but they like neighbours it seems. Some places there was no mortar left, so yes it could be them.
Would the original mortar not have been lime, ESP for softish stone?? Interestingly My lime for pointing our building comes from France.