Hi, I'm an architect so I'll give my 2p's worth.
Depends on the compactness of your earth floor but I would go for concrete every time and yes, don't go any less than 100mm and lay it before the frost comes. It will serve you a lifetime and you can wash it out. Self levelling screeds can be applied on top of the existing bit - that's a pour on screed which will find a level - you can do this yourself, don't be scared, there must be something on Youtube you can follow, or get the existing stuff out and redo the whole lot in a one-er. We're putting up a new barn and were quoted recently for an 20m x 6m (old money
that's approx 60ft x 18ft) £1500 from the ready mix company - all you need to do is have the framework and they pour it in, there's not much to do. The readymix co will work out how much you need if you give them the dimensions and you get different mixes depending on if you're putting in a tractor or heavy goods, so not sure if that's where the expense comes in. Normally reinforcement can be put in which is just sheets of grid metal bars which you can get from your builders merchants and it is put in the concrete to give it a mesh span reinforcement basically.
Do a bit of Youtube research I would say and don't worry about doing it yourself and just getting in the readymix lorry - speak to them too, they will be helpful, other materials will end up being temporary and you'll end up going down the concrete route eventually, so take a short cut and just do the concrete. 2p