There is a breed standard for each breed. It is obvious that you couldn't have the same breed standard for every breed. Each type of cheese has a different recipe. These are recipes for breeds of dog, or cat, or pig etc etc
The health checks have been set out as a result of a number of years research; and this research shows that there are inherited traits that are the same in many breeds. Hip dysplasia for instance is common to, and is rife in, a large number of breeds. Just watch the next Labrador as it walks away from you!
The Kennel Club cannot control what Breeders do, there is no legislation in place - at the moment! (or in fact individual people who want to have a litter, as breeding is open to anyone, and that is the main problem)