You'll get a dozen different answers to those questions
Cost wise the artificial lighting programs are well worth doing, that's what the commercial guys do.
I worked with battery and laying hens for many years and although they are rarely cost effective after the second year they will still lay well if kept on lighting programs for a good few years albeit producing fewer although larger eggs.
They can live for many years even after they stop laying so I don't think it shortens their life or results in poorer health.
I have pure breeds because I like the look of them but I also like to make them work.
Even battery hens won't lay all year round, they need to moult and have a recovery period between laying stints.